READ TURING's PAPER
Up until today, this concept of a computer thinking has been the basis of most AI research.

McCarthy, Minsky, and other scientists and AI researchers, and mathematicians met at Dartmouth College to discuss the future of Artificial Intelligence.
READ THE DSRPAI PROPOSAL
It was at this conference that the term “Artificial Intelligence” was officially coined. > DSRPAI IMAGE GALLERY


JOHN McCARTHY -
   1927-2011
Computer scientist known as the father of AI
“I think the best hope for human-level AI is logical AI, based on the formalizing of commonsense knowledge and reasoning in mathematical logic.” - John McCarthy



DANIEL G. BOBROW -
   1935-2017
A Research fellow at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center and an early AI pioneer.
“AI can be the glue to empower people close to the work to make good realtime decisions.” - Daniel G. Bobrow, Dimensions of Interaction

GORDAN MOORE -
   1929
Entrepreneur, computer scientist and businessman.
“If everything you try works, you aren't trying hard enough.” - Gordon Moore

The Expert System Architecture:
Expert systems are an early example of successful artificial intelligence, that solve problems with their knowledge base and inference engine.



JOSEPH WEIZENBAUM -
   1923-2008
German and American computer scientist. A a pioneer in natural language processing and Artificial Intelligence.
“However intelligent machines may be made to be, there are some acts of thought that _ought_ to be attempted only by humans.” - Joseph Weizenbaum

The dialog that was used as a SHRDLU demo:
Person: PICK UP A BIG RED BLOCK.
Computer: OK. (does it)
Person: GRASP THE PYRAMID.
Computer: I DON'T UNDERSTAND WHICH PYRAMID YOU MEAN.
Person: FIND A BLOCK WHICH IS TALLER THAN THE ONE YOU ARE HOLDING AND PUT IT INTO THE BOX.
Computer: BY "IT", I ASSUME YOU MEAN THE BLOCK WHICH IS TALLER THAN THE ONE I AM HOLDING.
Computer: OK. (does it)
Person: WHAT DOES THE BOX CONTAIN?
Computer: THE BLUE PYRAMID AND THE BLUE BLOCK.
Person: WHAT IS THE PYRAMID SUPPORTED BY?
Computer: THE BOX.
Person: HOW MANY BLOCKS ARE NOT IN THE BOX?
Computer: FOUR OF THEM.
Person: IS AT LEAST ONE OF THEM NARROWER THAN THE ONE WHICH I TOLD YOU TO PICK UP?
Computer: YES, THE RED CUBE.
Person: IS IT SUPPORTED?
Computer: YES, BY THE TABLE.
Person: CAN THE TABLE PICK UP BLOCKS?
Computer: NO.
Person: CAN A PYRAMID BE SUPPORTED BY A BLOCK?
Computer: YES.
Person: CAN A PYRAMID SUPPORT A PYRAMID?
Computer: I DON'T KNOW.
Person: STACK UP TWO PYRAMIDS.
Computer: I CAN'T.
Person: WILL YOU PLEASE STACK UP BOTH OF THE RED BLOCKS AND EITHER A GREEN CUBE OR A PYRAMID?
Computer: OK. (does it)
Person: WHICH CUBE IS SITTING ON THE TABLE?
Computer: THE LARGE GREEN ONE WHICH SUPPORTS THE RED PYRAMID.
Person: IS THERE A LARGE BLOCK BEHIND A PYRAMID?
Computer: YES, THREE OF THEM: A LARGE RED ONE, A LARGE GREEN CUBE, AND THE BLUE ONE.
Person: PUT A SMALL ONE ONTO THE GREEN CUBE WHICH SUPPORTS A PYRAMID.
Computer: OK. (does it)
Person: PUT THE LITTLEST PYRAMID ON TOP OF IT.
Computer: OK. (does it)
Person: DOES THE SHORTEST THING THE TALLEST PYRAMID'S SUPPORT SUPPORTS SUPPORT ANYTHING GREEN?
Computer: YES, THE GREEN PYRAMID.
Person: WHAT COLOR IS IT?
Computer: BY "IT", I ASSUME YOU MEAN THE SHORTEST THING THE TALLEST PYRAMID'S SUPPORT SUPPORTS.
Computer: RED
Person: HOW MANY THINGS ARE ON TOP OF GREEN CUBES?
Computer: I'M NOT SURE WHAT YOU MEAN BY "ON TOP OF "IN THE PHRASE "ON TOP OF GREEN CUBES " .
DO YOU MEAN:
1 - DIRECTLY ON THE SURFACE
2 - ANWHERE ON TOP OF ?
Person: 2
Computer: THREE OF THEM.
Person: HAD YOU TOUCHED ANY PYRAMID BEFORE YOU PUT THE GREEN ONE ON THE LITTLE CUBE?
Computer: YES, THE GREEN ONE.
Person: WHEN DID YOU PICK IT UP?
Computer: WHILE I WAS STACKING UP THE RED CUBE, A LARGE RED BLOCK AND A LARGE GREEN CUBE.
Person: WHY?
Computer: TO GET RID OF IT.
Person: WHY DID YOU DO THAT?
Computer: TO CLEAN OFF THE RED CUBE.
Person: WHY DID YOU CLEAR OFF THAT CUBE?
Computer: TO PUT IT ON A LARGE GREEN CUBE.
Person: WHY DID YOU DO THAT?
Computer: TO STACK UP THE RED CUBE , A LARGE RED BLOCK AND A LARGE GREEN CUBE.v
Person: WHY DID YOU DO THAT?
Computer: BECAUSE YOU ASKED ME TO.
Person: HOW DID YOU DO IT?
Computer: BY PUTTING A LARGE RED BLOCK ON THE TABLE ; THEN LETTING GO OF IT ; THEN PUTTING A LARGE GREEN CUBE ON IT ; THEN LETTING GO OF THAT CUBE ; THEN PUTTING THE RED CUBE ON THAT CUBE; THEN LETTING GO OF THAT CUBE.
Person: HOW MANY OBJECTS DID YOU TOUCH WHILE YOU WERE DOING IT?
Computer: FOUR OF THEM.
Person: WHAT DID THE RED CUBE SUPPORT BEFORE YOU STARTED TO CLEAN IT OFF?
Computer: THE GREEN PYRAMID.
Person: THERE WERE FIVE BLOCKS TO THE LEFT OF THE BOX THEN.
Computer: NO, ONLY FOUR OF THEM: THE RED CUBE, TWO LARGE GREEN CUBES AND A LARGE RED BLOCK.
Person: PUT THE BLUE PYRAMID ON THE BLOCK IN THE BOX.
Computer: OK. (does it)
Person: IS THERE ANYTHING WHICH IS BIGGER THAN EVERY PYRAMID BUT IS NOT AS WIDE AS THE THING THAT SUPPORTS IT?
Computer: YES, THE BLUE BLOCK.
Person: DOES A STEEPLE
Computer interrupting: SORRY, I DON'T KNOW THE WORD "STEEPLE".
Person: A "STEEPLE" IS A STACK WHICH CONTAINS TWO GREEN CUBES AND A PYRAMID.
Computer: I UNDERSTAND.
Person: ARE THERE ANY STEEPLES NOW?
Computer: NO.
Person: BUILD ONE.
Computer: OK. (does it)v
Person: CALL THE BIGGEST BLOCK "SUPERBLOCK".
Computer: OK.
Person: HAVE YOU PICKED SUPERBLOCK UP SINCE WE BEGAN?
Computer: YES.
Person: WHY DID YOU DROP IT?
Computer: BY "IT", I ASSUME YOU MEAN THE SUPERBLOCK.
I CAN'T EXPLAIN A NON-EXISTENT EVENT.
Person: IS THERE ANYTHING TO THE RIGHT OF THE RED PYRAMID?
Computer: YES, FOUR THINGS: THE BOX , THE RED CUBE, THE BLUE PYRAMID AND THE BLOCK NAMED SUPERBLOCK
Person: THANK YOU.
Computer: YOU'RE WELCOME!



ALAIN COLMERAUER -
   1941-2017
French computer scientist, Artificial Intelligence specialist and a father of the logic programming language Prolog.
To this day Prolog has grown in use throughout North America and Europe. Prolog was used in the European Esprit programme and in Japan's ICOT Fifth Generation Computer Systems Initiative.

ROBERT KOWALSKI -
   1941
American-British logician and computer scientist. Considered one of the founders of the field of logic programming.
"Artificial Intelligence, can be used by ordinary people to improve their own human intelligence. It can help them express their thoughts more clearly and coherently, and it can help them make better choices." - Robert Kowalski, Artificial Intelligence and Human Thinking

PHILIPPE ROUSSEL -
   1945
French Doctor of Computer Science. Considered one of the founders of the field of logic programming.
Philippe Roussel chose the name PROLOG as an abbreviation for "PROgrammation en LOGique" or "PROgram LOGic"

ALAIN COLMERAUER -
   1941-2017
French computer scientist, Artificial Intelligence specialist and a father of the logic programming language Prolog.
To this day Prolog has grown in use throughout North America and Europe. Prolog was used in the European Esprit programme and in Japan's ICOT Fifth Generation Computer Systems Initiative.

ROBERT KOWALSKI -
   1941
American-British logician and computer scientist. Considered one of the founders of the field of logic programming.
"Artificial Intelligence, can be used by ordinary people to improve their own human intelligence. It can help them express their thoughts more clearly and coherently, and it can help them make better choices." - Robert Kowalski, Artificial Intelligence and Human Thinking

PHILIPPE ROUSSEL -
   1945
French Doctor of Computer Science. Considered one of the founders of the field of logic programming.
Philippe Roussel chose the name PROLOG as an abbreviation for "PROgrammation en LOGique" or "PROgram LOGic"
This governmental reduction in funding and reduced public interest in AI signals the beginning of the first AI winter.


SEPP HOCHREITER -
   1967
German computer scientist.
“The most promising approach to a broad AI is a neuro-symbolic AI … a bilateral AI that combines methods from symbolic and sub-symbolic AI.” - Sepp Hochreiter

JURGEN SCHMIDHUBER -
   1963
German computer scientist most noted for his pioneering work in the field of artificial intelligence, deep learning and artificial neural networks.
“Humans should do zero percent of the hard and boring work, computers the rest.” - Jürgen Schmidhuber


CYNTHIA BREAZEAL -
   1967
American robotics scientist and entrepreneur.
“I do think, in time, people will have, sort of, relationships with certain kinds of robots - not every robot, but certain kinds of robots - where they might feel that it is a sort of friendship, but it's going to be of a robot-human kind.” - Cynthia Breazeal

OREN ETZIONI -
   1964
American entrepreneur, Professor Emeritus of computer science.
“AI is a tool. The choice about how it gets deployed is ours.” - Oren Etzioni

MICHELE BANKO -
   
Senior Research Software Development Engineer.

MICHAEL CAFARELLA -
   
Principal Research Scientist.
“HDFS is going to be a cockroach – I don’t think its ever going away.” - Michael Cafarella
GOOGLE BERT Google BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) is created, an AI system and machine learning technique for natural language processing (NLP) which aids in determining user search intent, therby improving search results.

Although technology has evolving rapidly, and we’re already able to perform deep learning tasks quickly and efficiently on large datasets, we still don't know what the possibilities really are. It will be interesting to see how AI will be developed and applied in the coming decades.
Where will AI technology take us next?